In recent years, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have become a major concern due to their associated health and environmental risks. Often referred to as “forever chemicals,” PFAS are extremely stable, which makes them useful in many applications but also very difficult to replace.

PFAS are also used in the proton exchange membrane (PEM) of fuel cells, where they enhance long‑term stability and ion conductivity. Currently, no mature PFAS‑free membrane is available on the market. Due to membrane ageing, PFAS can leach from the material and may be emitted into the environment through the exhaust stream.

In many regions, bans or at least stricter regulations on PFAS are under discussion. A comprehensive ban without exemptions for fuel cells would slow down the development of the fuel cell market and jeopardize progress toward climate targets.

For this reason, MANN+HUMMEL is working on technical solutions to ensure PFAS‑emission‑free fuel cells – solutions that prevent environmental contamination and support climate goals, at least until PFAS‑free membranes become available. The use of such solutions is recommended even if regulatory exceptions for fuel cells are granted.

At MANN+HUMMEL, tests with several ion exchange resins were performed under different flow rates and PFAS concentrations to demonstrate the feasibility of this technology for PFAS removal in fuel cells. The most suitable resin achieved a separation efficiency of over 95% under all tested conditions.

In addition, the first product samples have been built and are now ready for testing in real fuel cell systems.