Meltblown nonwoven filters are widely used in air filtration due to their scalability and high particle removal efficiency, yet most commercial materials are fossil-based and provide no intrinsic antimicrobial function. This work presents biobased meltblown filter materials designed to serve as platforms for antimicrobial inorganic nanoparticles, enabling surface-driven microbial inactivation without compromising filtration performance. Meltblown nonwovens were fabricated from synthetic biobased polymers, producing fibrous structures with characteristic fibre diameters of approximately 1–5 μm and water contact angles above 115°, indicating stable hydrophobic behaviour.

The fibrous architecture provides high surface area and accessibility for nanoparticle-mediated antimicrobial mechanisms such as contact-induced membrane disruption, ion release, and photocatalytically driven reactive oxygen species formation. Filtration performance evaluated using NaCl and DEHS aerosols demonstrated efficiencies up to 99.9% at basis weights of 200–300 g/m², with pressure drops ranging from 108 to 363 Pa depending on polymer type and structure. The results demonstrate that biobased meltblown nonwovens can act as robust, scalable substrates for antimicrobial nanoparticle integration, supporting the development of multifunctional air filtration materials for indoor, industrial, and healthcare applications.