Adsorption of heavy metals using natural zeolites and bio-adsorbents
Publisher FILTECH
N. M. Azrin, A. Alfutimie*, University of Manchester, UK
The transition to green technologies has escalated global copper demand, intensifying water contamination from copper mining activities, especially in developing regions. In response, this study investigates low-cost, sustainable adsorbents, banana peel (BP), natural clinoptilolite (CL), and their 1:1 mixed blend adsorbent (M), for the removal of Cu²⁺ ions from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were performed using a continuously stirred system at pH 2 and 4, with contact times of 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 180 min, and a constant agitation speed of 200 rpm to ensure uniform mixing. Adsorption performance was evaluated using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), while conductivity measurements monitored ion leaching and structural stability. Functional group interactions and structural changes post-adsorption were analysed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Results showed that BP and CL achieved high removal efficiencies of 53% and 68% at pH 4, respectively, driven by mechanisms such as electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and surface complexation. The mixed adsorbent (M) displayed synergistic properties, offering moderate removal efficiency of 47.7% and enhanced structural stability. The optimal contact time and pH conditions for all adsorbents was found to be 60 minutes at pH4, beyond which removal efficiency plateaued or declined due to possible desorption. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) confirmed that both pH and adsorbent type significantly influence adsorption outcomes. One-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in Cu²⁺ removal among the three adsorbents under each pH condition, while two-way ANOVA confirmed significant main effects of both pH and adsorbent type, as well as a significant interaction effect between the two factors. Overall, the findings support the potential of agricultural waste and natural zeolite as accessible, eco-friendly materials for heavy metal remediation in water treatment applications.
Published in: FILTECH 2026 Conference
Date of Conference: 30 June - 2 July 2026
DOI: -
Presenter's Affiliation: University of Manchester
Publisher: FILTECH Exhibitions GmbH & Co. KG
Country: -
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-941655-25-6
Conference Location: Cologne, Germany
Keywords: Adsorption, Copper, Mining Industry, Water Treatment